The Neolithic period, also known as the Neolithic period, flourished in the eastern part of the Great Plain, within the Berettyó Valley, for about one and a half thousand years. The Neolithic, as its name suggests, was the last period of the Stone Age with changes. A modernization process in which the Stone Age lifestyle of hunting, gathering, and the use of wooden tools was replaced by farming, crop production, animal husbandry, and the use of metal-based tools. Stone tools machined by cracking until then have been replaced by the method of grinding, and because of this technological advance, the era of the Neolithic Age is still popularly referred to as the “polished stone era”. The period of the Neolithic is not primarily an era, but rather a behavioral and cultural transformation that took place depending on the natural endowments of each region. The first inhabitants of the Bihar area engaged in crop and livestock production – the people of the Körös culture – BC. They arrived between 6000 and 5500 in the early Neolithic period. The period of more than one and a half thousand years can be divided into several important stages in terms of social transformation. At the beginning of the early Neolithic, the cultivation of cereals dominated, while moving into the cycle of the Middle Neolithic (5500–4900 BC) – during the period of the ornamental pottery culture of the Great Plain – the ancestor of domesticated cattle, the breeding of primroses, was decisive. In the period of the late Neolithic, the Tisza-Herpály culture (4900-4500 BC), as a result of intensive agriculture, the layered settlement form, the tell settlement type, developed as a result of housing for a longer period of time in one place. The most important archeological sites of the period in the region Berettyóújfalu Nagy-Bócs dűlő, Herpály-Földvárhalom, Berettyószentmárton-Szilhalom, Korhány-mound, Morotva shore, Erdő-mound, Berta-hill, Szentpéterszeg-Kovadomb, Bojt-Pér hill, Zs -Located in small beetle mound areas. The reconstructed objects in the Neolithic exhibition may have been presented as a result of excavation work at the above-mentioned sites.